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High Resolution Osmium Data Record Three Distinct Pulses of Magmatic Activity During Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2)

Abstract.

"Oceanic anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2) occurred at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (∼94.1 Ma) and was a time of profound global changes in ocean chemistry and the carbon cycle. This event was characterized by a positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE) caused by massive organic carbon burial, global greenhouse temperatures, ocean deoxygenation, and changes in ocean life driven by large igneous province (LIP) activity. LIPS throughout the Phanerozoic have had dynamic magma flux, with episodes of major eruptions interspersed with periods of relatively less intense eruptions. [...]"

Source: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Authors: Daniel L. Sullivan et al.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.002

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Is deoxygenation detectable before warming in the thermocline?

Abstract.

"Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions cause ocean warming and oxygen depletion, with adverse impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems. Warming is one of the main indicators of anthropogenic climate change, but, in the thermocline, changes in oxygen and other biogeochemical tracers may emerge from the bounds of natural variability prior to warming. Here, we assess the time of emergence (ToE) of anthropogenic change in thermocline temperature and thermocline oxygen within an ensemble of Earth system model simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. [...]"

Source: Biogeosciences
Authors: Angélique Hameau et al.
DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-1877-2020

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The simulated biological response to Southern Ocean eddies via biological rate modification and physical transport

Abstract.

"We examine the structure and drivers of anomalous phytoplankton biomass in Southern Ocean eddies tracked in a global, multi‐year, eddy‐resolving, 3‐D ocean simulation of the Community Earth System Model. We examine how simulated anticyclones and cyclones differentially modify phytoplankton biomass concentrations, growth rates, and physical transport. [...]"

Source: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Authors: Tyler Rohr et al.
DOI: 10.1029/2019GB006385

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The coupling of Phanerozoic continental weathering and marine phosphorus cycle

Abstract.

"Organic matter production and decomposition primarily modulate the atmospheric O2 and CO2 levels. The long term marine primary productivity is controlled by the terrestrial input of phosphorus (P), while the marine P cycle would also affect organic matter production. In the past 540 million years, the evolution of terrestrial system, e.g. colonization of continents by vascular land plants in late Paleozoic, would certainly affect terrestrial P input into the ocean, which in turn might have impacted the marine primary productivity and organic carbon burial. [...]"

Source: Scientific Reports
Authors: Ruimin Wang et al.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62816-z

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Coral reef survival under accelerating ocean deoxygenation

Abstract.

"Global warming and local eutrophication simultaneously lower oxygen (O2) saturation and increase biological O2 demands to cause deoxygenation. Tropical shallow waters, and their coral reefs, are particularly vulnerable to extreme low O2 (hypoxia) events. These events can drive mass mortality of reef biota; however, they currently remain unaccounted for when considering coral reef persistence under local environmental alterations and global climatic change. [...]"

Source: Nature Climate Change
Authors: David J. Hughes et al.
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0737-9

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Fe isotope composition of Archean sulfides do not record progressive oxygenation of the ocean

Abstract.

"In the history of this continuously evolving planet, the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), which occurred at ca. 2.3 Ga (Bekker et al., 2004; Holland, 2006) was a critical environmental change. This event was first recognized by the disappearance of detrital uraninite, pyrite, and siderite, from the siliciclastic record, as well as by shales that do not contain appreciable amounts of redox-sensitive elements and paleosols that are not oxidized before ca. 2.3 Ga (Holland, 2006). [...]"

Source: Geology
Authors: Johanna Marin Carbonne
DOI: 10.1130/focus042020.1

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Sinking flux of particulate organic matter in the oceans: Sensitivity to particle characteristics

Abstract.

"The sinking of organic particles produced in the upper sunlit layers of the ocean forms an important limb of the oceanic biological pump, which impacts the sequestration of carbon and resupply of nutrients in the mesopelagic ocean. Particles raining out from the upper ocean undergo remineralization by bacteria colonized on their surface and interior, leading to an attenuation in the sinking flux of organic matter with depth. [...]"

Source: Scientific Reports
Authors: Melissa M. Omand et al.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60424-5

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Rapid transfer of oxygen to the deep ocean mediated by bubbles

Abstract.

"The concentration of oxygen exerts major controls on life in the ocean, and its distribution in the ocean and atmosphere carries information about biological productivity, transports of mass and heat, ocean deoxygenation and global carbon sinks. Our understanding of processes underlying oxygen distributions, their key features and variability is often lacking. [...]"

Source: Nature Geoscience
Authors: D. Atamanchuk et al.
DOI: 10.1038/s41561-020-0532-2

Read the full article here.


Ocean acidification interacts with variable light to decrease growth but increase particulate organic nitrogen production in a diatom

Abstract.

"Phytoplankton in the upper oceans are exposed to changing light levels due to mixing, diurnal solar cycles and weather conditions. Consequently, effects of ocean acidification are superimposed upon responses to variable light levels. We therefore grew a model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana under either constant or variable light but at the same daily photon dose, with current low (400 μatm, LC) and future high CO2 (1000 μatm, HC) treatments. [...]"

Source: Marine Environmental Research
Authors: Wei Li et al.
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104965

Read the full article here.


Short-term effects of hypoxia are more important than effects of ocean acidification on grazing interactions with juvenile giant kelp

Abstract.

"Species interactions are crucial for the persistence of ecosystems. Within vegetated habitats, early life stages of plants and algae must survive factors such as grazing to recover from disturbances. However, grazing impacts on early stages, especially under the context of a rapidly changing climate, are largely unknown. [...]"

Source: Scientific Reports
Authors: Crystal A. Ng & Fiorenza Micheli 
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62294-3

Read the full article here.


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