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Iron isotopes trace primordial magma ocean cumulates melting in Earth’s upper mantle

Abstract.

"The differentiation of Earth ~4.5 billion years (Ga) ago is believed to have culminated in magma ocean crystallization, crystal-liquid separation, and the formation of mineralogically distinct mantle reservoirs. However, the magma ocean model remains difficult to validate because of the scarcity of geochemical tracers of lower mantle mineralogy. The Fe isotope compositions (δ57Fe) of ancient mafic rocks can be used to reconstruct the mineralogy of their mantle source regions. We present Fe isotope data for 3.7-Ga metabasalts from the Isua Supracrustal Belt (Greenland). The δ57Fe signatures[...]"

 

Source: Science Advances
Authors: Helen M. Williams et al.
DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abc7394

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Opposite response of strong and moderate positive Indian Ocean Dipole to global warming

Abstract.

"A strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) induces weather extremes such as the 2019 Australian bushfires and African floods. The impact is influenced by sea surface temperature (SST), yet models disagree on how pIOD SST may respond to greenhouse warming. Here we find increased SST variability of strong pIOD events, with strong equatorial eastern Indian Ocean cool anomalies, but decreased variability of moderate pIOD events, dominated by western warm anomalies[...]"

 

Source: Nature Climate Change
Authors: Wenju Cai et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00943-1

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An integrated framework for lean manufacturing in relation with blue ocean manufacturing - A case study

Abstract.

"Lean Manufacturing (LM) has traditionally helped industries in removing the non-value-added processes to achieve operational excellence. Similarly, the blue ocean strategy helps organizations in creating an uncontested market space where the competition is irrelevant. The authors posit that the integration of two approaches helps in achieving holistic manufacturing excellence, and there is a paucity of approaches that integrate the two paradigms. In order to fill this research gap, the authors have developed an integrated framework that combines the concepts of lean[...]"

 

Source: Science Direct
Authors: Saba Sadiq et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123790

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Stable isotopic composition of top consumers in Arctic cryoconite holes: revealing divergent roles in a supraglacial trophic network

Abstract.

"Arctic cryoconite holes represent highly biologically active aquatic habitats on the glacier surface characterized by the dynamic nature of their formation and functioning. The most common cryoconite apex consumers are the cosmopolitan invertebrates – tardigrades and rotifers. Several studies have highlighted the potential relevance of tardigrades and rotifers to cryoconite holes' ecosystem functioning. However, due to the dominant occurrence of prokaryotes, these consumers are usually out of the major scope of most studies aimed at understanding biological processes on glaciers. The aim of this descriptive study is to present pioneering[...]"

 

Source: Biogeosciences
Authors: Tereza Novotná Jaroměřská et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1543-2021

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Protecting the global ocean biodiversity, food and climate

Abstract.

"The ocean contains unique biodiversity, provides valuable food resources and is a major sink for anthropogenic carbon. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective tool for restoring ocean biodiversity and ecosystem services1,2, but at present only 2.7% of the ocean is highly protected3. This low level of ocean protection is due largely to conflicts with fisheries and other extractive uses. To address this issue, here we developed a conservation planning framework to prioritize highly protected MPAs in places that would result in multiple benefits today and in the future. We find that a substantial increase in ocean protection could have triple benefits, by protecting biodiversity[...]"

 

Source: Nature
Authors: Enric Sala et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03371-z

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Pelagic microplastics in surface water of the Eastern Indian Ocean during monsoon transition period: Abundance, distribution, and characteristics

Abstract.

"Microplastics (MPs) have been documented in almost all marine environments, including coastal regions, the open ocean, and the deep sea. However, relatively little knowledge was available about MP pollution in the open ocean, especially the Indian Ocean. We conducted field observations at 36 stations in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), using a typical manta trawl with a mesh size of 330 μm for surface water sampling. Ours is the first study to obtained comprehensive and comparable baseline data about MPs in the EIO, including abundance, spatial distribution and characteristics[...]"

 

Source: Science Direct 
Authors: Changjun Li et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142629

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Climate field completion via Markov random fields – Application to the HadCRUT4.6 temperature dataset

Abstract.

"Surface temperature is a vital metric of Earth’s climate state, but is incompletely observed in both space and time: over half of monthly values are missing from the widely used HadCRUT4.6 global surface temperature dataset. Here we apply GraphEM, a recently developed imputation method, to construct a spatially complete estimate of HadCRUT4.6 temperatures. GraphEM leverages Gaussian Markov random fields (aka Gaussian graphical models) to better estimate covariance relationships within a climate field, detecting anisotropic features such as land/ocean contrasts, orography, ocean currents and wave-propagation pathways.[...]"

 

Source: AMS- American Meteorological Society
Authors: Adam Vaccaro et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0814.1

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Role of tide-induced vertical mixing in the deep Pacific Ocean circulation

Abstract.

"We investigate the control mechanisms of the deep Pacific Ocean circulation by introducing updated methods for parameterizing tidal mixing. The column-integrated rates of dissipation in near- and far-fields are derived from the tidal energy conversion and dissipation rates estimated by a high resolution tide model. In the calculation of the far-field mixing, its dependency on stratification is taken into account based on theoretical and observational knowledge.Unlike previous studies that did not take the stratification dependence into account, the far-field mixing does not function to significantly enhance the deep Pacific Ocean circulation. The deep Pacific Ocean circulation is also found to be insensitive to the decay scale height of the near-field mixing. However, these factors affect the reproducibility of the[...]"

 

Source: Journal of Oceanography
Authors: Takao Kawasaki et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00584-0

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Atlantic Ocean science diplomacy in action: the pole-to-pole All Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance

Abstract.

"The ocean provides important ecosystem services to society, but its health is in crisis due to the impacts of human activities. Ocean sustainability requires ambitious levels of scientific evidence to support governance and management of human activities that impact the ocean. However, due to the size, complexity and connectivity of the ocean, monitoring and data collection presupposes high investments, and nations need to cooperate to deliver the ambitious, costly science that is required to inform decisions[...]"

 

Source: Nature - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
Authors: Andrei Polejack et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00729-6

Read the full article here.


Emerging Solutions to Return Nature to the Urban Ocean

Abstract.

"Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic zones, and the demand for ocean space and resources is increasing. As we strive for a more sustainable future, it is imperative that we better design, manage, and conserve urban ocean spaces for both humans and nature. We identify three key objectives for more sustainable urban oceans: reduction of urban pressures, protection and restoration of ocean ecosystems, and support of critical ecosystem services. We describe an array of emerging evidence-based approaches, including greening grayinfrastructure, restoring habitats, and developing biotechnologies.

 

Source: ANNUAL REVIEWS
Authors: Laura Airoldi et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015

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