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Climate, Oxygen, and the Future of Marine Biodiversity

Abstract.

"The ocean enabled the diversification of life on Earth by adding O2 to the atmosphere, yet marine species remain most subject to O2 limitation. Human industrialization is intensifying the aerobic challenges to marine ecosystems by depleting the ocean's O2 inventory through the global addition of heat and local addition of nutrients. Historical observations reveal an ∼2% decline in upper-ocean O2 and accelerating reports of coastal mass mortality events. The dynamic balance of O2 supply and demand provides a unifying framework for understanding these phenomena across scales from the global ocean to individual organisms. [...]".

 

Source: Annual Review of Marine Science
Authors: Curtis Deutsch et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040323-095231

Read the full article here.


The past to unravel the future: Deoxygenation events in the geological archive and the anthropocene oxygen crisis

Abstract.

"Despite the observation that we are witnessing a true oxygen crisis, the ocean deoxygenation theme is getting less attention from the media and population compared to other environmental stressors concerning climate change. The current ocean oxygen crisis is characterized by a complex interplay of climatic, biological, and oceanographic processes acting at different time scales. Earth system models offer insights into future deoxygenation events and their potential extent [...]".

 

Source: Science Direct
Authors: Alan Maria Mancini et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104664

Read the full article here.


Can green hydrogen production be used to mitigate ocean deoxygenation? A scenario from the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Abstract.

"Ocean deoxygenation and expansion and intensification of hypoxia in the ocean are a major, growing threat to marine ecosystems. Measures currently used to protect marine biodiversity (e.g., marine protected areas) are ineffective in countering this threat. Here, we highlight the example of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada, where oxygen loss is not only due to eutrophication (which can be mitigated by nutrient controls) but also is a consequence of ocean circulation change and warming. Climate-related loss of oxygen will be an increasingly widespread source of risk to marine biodiversity over this century. [...]".

 

Source: Springer Nature
Authors: Douglas W. R. Wallace et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-023-10094-1

Read the full article here.


Editorial: Constraining uncertainties in hindcasts and future projections of marine deoxygenation

Abstract.

"Ocean deoxygenation is a key stressor for marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles (Gruber, 2011; Breitburg et al., 2018). Climate projections based on Earth system models (ESMs) suggest that the global oxygen inventory will undergo a significant decline over the next century under persistent greenhouse gas emissions (Bopp et al., 2013; Kwiatkowski et al., 2020). Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) located close to productive eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) and the Arabian Sea may expand or shift in spatial extent dramatically, thereby impacting regional marine habitats (Stramma et al., 2012) and ecosystem services (Lachkar et al., 2023). [...]".

 

Source: Frontiers in Marine Science
Authors: Masahito Shigemitsu et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1355015

Read the full article here.


Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation during the Messinian: Toward constraining the dynamics of Mediterranean deoxygenation

Abstract.

"During the Messinian, the sensitivity of the Mediterranean Basin to ecosystem perturbation was enhanced in response to the progressive restriction of water exchange with the Atlantic Ocean. The widespread deposition of organic-rich layers (i.e. sapropel) during the Messinian testifies the perturbation of the carbon and oxygen cycles; indeed, these sediments were deposited under conditions of oxygen starvation, presumably in response to a periodic deterioration of the thermohaline circulation strength. [...]".

 

Source: Science Direct 
Authors: Alan Maria Mancini et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104217

Read the full article here.


Climatic Changes in North Atlantic O2 Amplified by Temperature Sensitivity of Phytoplankton Growth

Abstract.

"Ocean warming is associated with a decline in the global oxygen (O2) inventory, but the ratio of O2 loss to heat gain is poorly understood. We analyzed historical variability in temperature (T), O2, and nitrate (N⁢O3−) in hydrographic observations and model simulations of the North Atlantic, a relatively well-sampled region that is important for deep ocean ventilation. Multidecadal fluctuations of O2 concentrations in subpolar thermocline waters (100–700 m) are correlated with changes in their heat content, with a slope 35% steeper than that expected from thermal solubility. [...]".

 

Source: Wiley Online Library
Authors: Andrew J. Margolskee et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007930

Read the full article here.


Mentoring the next generation of ocean deoxygenation and acidification scientists

Intro.

"UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC/UNESCO), El Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA) and the Universidad Catolica del Norte, as well as many other partners and sponsors organized the GOOD-OARS-CLAP-COPAS Summer School from 6-12 November 2023 in La Serena, Chile, to teach the latest science of ocean acidification and deoxygenation."

Source: IOC-UNESCO

For further information, please read here


Combined effects of ocean deoxygenation, acidification, and phosphorus limitation on green tide macroalga, Ulva prolifera

Abstract.

"Ocean deoxygenation, acidification, and decreased phosphorus availability are predicted to increase in coastal ecosystems under future climate change. However, little is known regarding the combined effects of such environmental variables on the green tide macroalga Ulva prolifera. Here, we provide quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the acclimation mechanisms of U. prolifera to ocean deoxygenation, acidification, and phosphorus limitation under both laboratory and semi-natural (mesocosms) conditions. [...]".

 

Source: Science Direct
Authors: Xintong Huang et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164982

Read the full article here.


Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia

Abstract.

"Multiple climate-driven stressors, including warming and increased nutrient delivery, are exacerbating hypoxia in coastal marine environments. Within coastal watersheds, environmental managers are particularly interested in climate impacts on terrestrial processes, which may undermine the efficacy of management actions designed to reduce eutrophication and consequent low-oxygen conditions in receiving coastal waters. However, substantial uncertainty accompanies the application of Earth system model (ESM) projections to a regional modeling framework when quantifying future changes to estuarine hypoxia due to climate change. [...]".

 

Source: Biogeosciences
Authors: Kyle E. Hinson et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023

Read the full article here.


Role of climate variability on deep-water dynamics and deoxygenation during sapropel deposition ...

Full title: "Role of climate variability on deep-water dynamics and deoxygenation during sapropel deposition: New insights from a palaeoceanographic empirical approach"

Abstract.

"Modern marine settings are experiencing rapid deoxygenation mainly forced by global warming and anthropogenic eutrophication. Therefore, studies that assess the role of climate variability in large spatiotemporal deoxygenations during past climate changes are needed to better comprehend the consequences of the current global warming and ocean deoxygenation. [...]".

 

Source: Science Direct
Authors: Ricardo D. Monedero-Contreras et al.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111601

Read the full article here.


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